Transport and Communication
Transport and Communication
Cities As Centres Of Transport And Communication
Some of the most enduring systems established by the British in India include the railways and the post and telegraph system.Many of the big cities of the time also served as railway junctions, that is, points where railway lines from various places met.
Many relatively unknown places grew into towns or cities because they were important railwayjunctioa1tair (modern Vishakhapatnam), Ambala Cantonment, Tundla and Vijayawada were important railway junctions around cities developed. Many of the important junctions also had railway colonies beside the station, where railway officials stayed.
The cities also served as nerve centres for the post and telegraph services introduced by the British government. Cities and towns had large post and telegraph offices. If a telegram had to be sent from Delhi to a village near Calcutta, it would first be relayed by the post and telegraph office in Delhi to the one in Calcutta. From Calcutta, a postman would take the telegram to the village concerned.
Thus, colonial cities served functions which were different from those performed by the cities and towns of ancient and medieval India.
MADRAS
In 1639, Francis Day and Andrew Cogan of the East India Company searched for a suitable place on the Coromandel Coast to set up a trading centre. They leased the village of Madraspatnam from the local ruler, Damarla Venkatapathy Nayak. Here they built a factory and a trading port. The fortified area came to be called Fort St George. The settlements around the fort where the British lived was called ‘White Town’, and the place where the Indians lived was called ‘Black Town’. Madras became a naval base and the administrative centre of the British in South India.
BOMBAY
King Charles II of England leased Bombay to the East India Company, and later transferred it to them. The Company founded the modern city of Bombay, and moved their main holdings from Surat to Bombay. Through the 18th century, British power grew. Skilled workers and traders migrated to Bombay in search of better job. In 1853, the first passenger railway line in India was built between Bombay and Thane.
CALCUTTA: Murshidabad was the capital of Bengal Province till the time of SirajudauIa. As British power grew in India, so did the port town of Calcutta. It emerged in the late century as the political, economic, social, cultural centre of British power in India. They made Calcutta the capital of British India which continued till 1911, when they shifted to Delhi. Being the capital of British India, Calcutta had some of the finest buildings of that period—Howrah Bridge, Old Court House, High Court, the Great Eastern Hotel, Standard Chartered Bank, the Statesman building, Victoria Memorial etc.
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